9 Tevet · Yahrzeit
Ezra the Scribe
Ezra HaKohen Sofer, born in the Babylonian exile, descended from a family of High Priests.
Yahrzeit - 9 Tevet
Burial place - one tradition holds that he is buried in Al-Uzayr near Basra (Iraq), another that he is buried in Tadif near Aleppo, in northern Syria.
From childhood he studied the Holy Scriptures with great devotion and was widely known in the Jewish communities of Babylonia and Persia as an expert in Torah. For this, his contemporaries gave him the honorable title HaSofer, meaning both "scribe" and "scholar."
He distributed scrolls of the Holy Scriptures that he himself had copied, and was a profound expert and commentator on them. Ezra's teacher was Baruch, a disciple of the prophet Yirmiyahu.
A few years before the Babylonian catastrophe, during restoration work, hidden scrolls of the Holy Scriptures were discovered in the Jerusalem Temple. When Baruch went to Babylon, he took them with him, and later passed them on to his beloved disciple Ezra. Out of devotion to his elderly teacher, Ezra returned to his homeland only after his teacher's death, bringing with him the completed scrolls of the Five Books, in order to give spiritual support to his brethren and guide them onto the right path.
In order for his mission in Judea to succeed, Ezra needed to hold civil authority - that is, to have authorization from the Persian king Artaxerxes Longimanus, who knew Ezra well as his court scribe. Artaxerxes provided Ezra with a "nishtevan" (a decree, an edict) granting him the broadest powers. Ezra was permitted to take with him from Babylonia to Yerushalayim all the Jews who wished to go. He was allowed to collect donations among the Babylonian Jews on behalf of the Temple and the needy residents of Judea. Rich gifts for the Temple were given to Ezra by the king himself and his advisors. Royal officials were obligated to assist him. All kohanim, levi'im, and other servants of the Jerusalem Temple were completely exempted from taxes.
And most importantly, Ezra received the right to declare the Torah the civil code of the Jews - that is, to bring the life of the people into accordance with the laws of the Holy Scriptures. For this purpose he was empowered to appoint judges in Judea.
In the seventh year of the reign of Artaxerxes, "there went up (some) of the children of Israel, and of the priests, and the Levites, and the singers, and the gatekeepers... unto Yerushalayim." /Ezra 7:7/
Ezra set out on the 1st day of the month of Nisan, and five months later, on the 1st day of the month of Av in the year 3412 /348/, he arrived in Yerushalayim. The picture that opened before him was a joyless one. The people had forgotten the Holy Teaching, were mired in vice, had entered into blood ties with idolaters, had lost respect for their sacred things, and had grown impoverished in mind and heart. Ezra refused food and drink, tore his garments, and in deep sorrow sank down upon the steps of the Temple, remaining motionless until evening. A crowd gathered around him, but he did not see them. So deep was his sorrow that no one dared to speak to him.
Only when evening came did Ezra rise and pour out his soul in prayer to the Almighty. And apparently the words of this prayer were extraordinary, for they shook even the most hardened hearts. People approached Ezra and touched the hem of his garment. Ezra demanded that the Jews send away their pagan wives. This demand meant the dissolution of family bonds, a renunciation of personal feelings for the sake of the national cause. Ezra understood that in this matter, where the future of the Jewish people was at stake, there could be no room for pity, and that leniency would be an unforgivable sin. Only by purifying Jewish society of foreign elements could it be rebuilt according to the laws of the Torah. The people accepted Ezra's demand, and within three months all the mixed marriages were dissolved.
Ezra's merits before the Jewish people are inestimable. Later generations said of him: "The Divine Teaching would have been forgotten and lost, had Ezra not restored it."
(http://www.beerot.ru/статьи/эпоха-второго-храма/второй-исход-из-вавилона-эзра-а-софер/)
Pilgrimage site:
Grave: Ezra HaKohen Sofer